Drill and blast methods in tunnelling have in principle not changed much during the last. Despite the progress, injuries and fatalities continue to occur. This section looks at all aspects of drilling and blasting and the use of explosives at quarries and covers profiling of the quarry face and tracking of drillholes, the preparation of shotfiring rules, the appointment and necessary competence of the explosives supervisor, shotfirer and driller and the specific responsibilities they have including their statutory duties. Before the advent of tunnel boring machines tbms, drilling and blasting was the only.
Conventional drill and blast excavation has a great advantage over. For example, the specific charge at tunneling is 310 times higher than at bench blasting, depending on borehole deviation, tight holes, lift of the. The main difference between tunnel blasting and bench blasting is that tunnel blasting is done towards one free surface while bench blasting is done towards two or more free surface. Tunnel construction methods and their comparison mining and. Drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method. Mined tunnel construction with a tunnel boring machine tbm. Complete list of different methods of tunnel construction. This section includes procedures for blasting for excavation.
Fine fragments, in turn, allow for efficient removal and low equipment maintenance. Tunneling methods in different rocksoil conditions. Niosh researchers collected basic data from two blast rounds at the ssxsteer mine as a component of. Jul 27, 2011 tunnel construction methods and their comparison. Zongxian zhang, in rock fracture and blasting, 2016. In tunneling, however, contour holes are blasted with. Jumbo drills for mining and tunneling with 35 years of experience, cmm specializes in the manufacture of drillers intended mainly for underground working and offers a complete range of machines. Long hole drilling for the platinum industry a mining. In this paper, the two wellrecognized methods, conventional drill and blast and mechanical excavation, are compared and discussed. The robbins company report tunneling cost reduction study.
Advantages include continuously sampling the tunneling horizon and minimizing access drilling to get the zone of interest at the underground construction horizon. Pdf drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method. The method of tunnel construction adopted for a project depends on various factors. For this, you need equipment and tools to deliver superior quality and. Many contractors, mining companies, and manufacturers have put. When youve been in the business of media blasting and painting for nearly 30 years, you tend to pick up a few ideas and tips that make life a little easier. Tunneling in rock by drilling and blasting top results of your surfing tunneling in rock by drilling and blasting start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Tunnel construction and tunnel engineering is considered to be one of the most sophisticated and specialized art in the field of civil engineering. In tunnel blasting operations, the explosive or blasting agent may be charged into the. Chao, secretary occupational safety and health administration john l. Horizontal geotechnical investigations for tunneling. Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas.
Drill and blast tunneling practices ctt consulting. Experiences from the field jim clark and steve chorley the robbins company abstract. Trends in fragmentation a global trend is emerging in which mining companies are subcontracting out the total blasting services including drilling. Metec 2009 benefits of computerized drilling in drill and. This tunneling method involves the use of explosives. Ebook tunneling in rock by drilling and blasting as pdf. However, equipment is presently available to conduct horizontal geotechnical investigations at reasonable production rates and cost. Use of controlled blasting techniques can minimize or eliminate vibration concerns the achilles heel of tbm tunneling is the substantial setup time and committed equipment cost when spread over tunnels less than 2,000 linear feet. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Norwegian tunnelling technology norsk forening for. Drill and blast tunneling practices gerhard girmscheid1 and cliff schexnayder, f.
Accuracy is the key in tunneling projects, meaning a low level of under and overbreak, resulting in lower costs and improved safety. Various drilling patterns have been developed for blasting solid rock faces, such as. Application of tunnel boring machines in underground. When boring through the earth, even extensive geotechnical. Iron, mn abstract the minntac mine drills and blasts approximately 75 million long tons of taconite per year. Smartrig can automatically center the bit and set the bore angle. Some companies have even subcontracted all work functions at the mine and processing plant. Mechanical excavation and drilling and blasting springerlink. Conventional drifting or tunneling by drilling and blasting method requires a much higher specific charge than ordinary production blasting such as bench blasting. Blasters training modules module 4 blasthole drilling. The focus in this paper is the selection, application and optimization of long hole drilling equipment at mining operations shallower than 2 000 meters. Tbm tunneling is an everincreasing prospect for underground construction, and with each new tunnel bored there are unknown elements. This reference may be obtained free of charge in adobe acrobat pdf format through the fhwa at the following.
Significant progress has been made in the reduction of serious injuries and fatalities resulting from mine blasting operations. The use of explosives during construction shall be as specified herein. Tunnelling in rock by drilling and blasting presents the latest developments in the excavation of tunnels using the drilling and blasting method. Drill and blast tunneling practices ctt consulting gmbh. In both cases tunneling forms an integral part of the entire operation. Application of tunnel boring machines in underground mine. Jumbo drills mining machine, tunneling drilling equipment. Optimization of blasting parameters in opencast mines. Drilling and blasting a s a tunnel excavation method. Drilling and blasting an overview sciencedirect topics. Unpredictable ground conditions, environmental requirements and geological factors makes tunneling a challenging job.
Mine development is often a bottleneck in mining operations and is strongly influenced by the choice of excavation method. The rock hardness is estimated and transferred to a pdf map with weakness. Introduction drilling and blasting is the most popular excavation technique adopted for tunneling due to its acceptability in a wide range of geomining conditions. No matter which method you choose, the tunnel should be exactly where it was planned to be on time and on budget. Tunnelling in rock by drilling and blasting is the outcome of the workshop, tunnelling in rock by drilling and blasting, hosted by the 10th international symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting fragblast 10, november 2010, new delhi, india, and is essential reading for researchers and practitioners in tunnelling in rock by drilling and. Faster tunneling rates are possible with the recent developments in explosives, initiating. Controlled drill andblast is also a conventional excavation technique. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada gold mine ed mchugh and joel warneke, national institute of occupational safety and health and cristian caceres, university of british columbia.
Norwegian tbm tunnelling machines for hard rock and mixed face. Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. Tunnel boring machine introduction tunnel boring machine are used to excavate tunnels with circular cs it can bore tunnels of diameter 120 m it made tunnel boring machine risk free. Tunneling in rock by drilling and blasting national driller. A tunnel boring machine tbm, also known as a mole, is a machine used to excavate tunnels. Lecture 4 drifting, drilling, blasting and scaling. Highperformance drill and blast methods for tunnel construction require that each of the individual working elements that constitute the construction process are optimized and considered as a system of sequential and parallel activities. Apr 21, 2012 drilling and blasting powerpoint 2003 1. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road construction. Full face tbms are mobile, electronically operated mills in the mountain. The method can be used in all types of rocks and the initial cost is lower than the mechanical method like tbm. Tunneling in rock by drilling and blasting crc press book. Our cost analysis of the tbm tunneling versus drill and blast hand mining is shown below. Drilling and blasting in quarry will be done in accordance with the provisions of the mines act, rules and regulations.
Drill and blast method is mostly used method for the excavation throughout the world. Unpredictable ground conditions, environmental requirements and geological factors makes tunneling. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada gold. Blasting and explosivehandling operations must conform to the requirements in the blasting section. Adequate safety measures will be taken during blasting operations in the quarry so. This requires drilling one million feet of 16inch diameter holes. Its important to conduct blasting operations within a framework that considers multiple blast outcomes.
Fhwa technical manual for design and construction of road tunnel. Examples of work conducted throughout the world including the indian subcontinent, australia, and sweden amongst others are discussed. Modern drilling and blasting technology at the minntac mine by don thompson senior engineer, drill and blast us steel minntac mine mt. Tunneling in rock by drilling and blasting books pics. This enabled drilling and blasting techniques to be fully evaluated against excavation by alternative means such as acknowledgements orica mining services acknowledges the support given by the consortium during the study.
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